It is Mr Assad's first visit to the country in almost 20 years, and since the start of Syria's 12-year civil conflict - one in which Beijing has been one of his main backers.

The pair met on the sidelines of the Asian Games on Friday.

China and Syria will establish a strategic partnership, Chinese state broadcaster CCTV reported, with President Xi describing the move as an important milestone in the history of both countries.

"In the face of an unstable and uncertain international environment, China is willing to continue to work with Syria in the interests of friendly cooperation and safeguarding international fairness and justice," Mr Xi said, according to Chinese state media.

President Xi will be hosting a banquet later and conducting bilateral activities with Mr Assad and other heads of state and government attending the games.

Mr Assad arrived in China on Thursday ahead of the opening ceremony of the international sports event, which begins on Saturday in the eastern city of Hangzhou, where he will be joined by other foreign leaders.

Speaking ahead of the face-to-face talks, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said Mr Assad's visit would "further deepen political mutual trust and cooperation in various fields between the two countries and push bilateral relations to a new level".

She added the two leaders would be holding "in depth talks" on a range of issues.

Mr Assad's office had previously said he was invited by President Xi and would bring with him a high-ranking Syrian delegation.

China has been expanding its reach in the Middle East after mediating a deal in March between Saudi Arabia and Iran.

Meanwhile, diplomatic relations between Damascus and other Arab countries have intensified since the February earthquake that hit Syria and Turkey.

In March, Mr Assad was in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for an official visit during which President Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al Nahyan said the two "held constructive talks aimed at developing relations between our two countries".

And in May, Mr Assad attended the annual summit of the Arab League in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for the first time in 12 years after Syria's membership was reinstated in the 22-member organisation.

Mr Assad was suspended by the alliance after his crackdown on pro-democracy protests led to the breakout of civil war in 2011.

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More than 500,000 people have died since then and more than half of the country's 22 million pre-war population have had to flee their homes.

Syria's currency is collapsing and the country is suffering from a lack of electricity, medicine and daily essentials, despite support from Russia and Iran.

The Syrian leader is in China to advance efforts to bring to an end more than a decade of diplomatic isolation under Western sanctions and to boost commercial ties with the world's second-largest economy, as Syria desperately needs foreign investment.

His last visit to China was in 2004, a year after the US-led invasion of neighbouring Iraq.

CCTV also reported bilateral agreements between China and Kuwait to cooperate in areas such as renewable energy, infrastructure construction and environmental governance were signed following discussions between President Xi and Kuwait's Crown Prince Sheikh Meshal al Ahmad al Sabah.

The crown prince, the king of Cambodia, and the prime ministers of Nepal, East Timor and South Korea are among the dignitaries who will be attending the opening ceremony of the Asian Games.