In an exclusive interview with Sky News Arabia, he blamed the country's economic situation as the reason why refugees are not returning to their homeland, pointing to the "image of war" in Syria for the lack of much-needed international investment in its economy.

"Over the last few years we've seen just under half a million people return and none of them were harmed," he said.

"What's stopped more from coming back is the economic situation.

"How can a refugee return without electricity or school for his children or medical treatment? These are life's essentials.

"That's the reason.

"We pardoned all refugees who came back apart from people who committed serious crimes."

But several human rights groups and international organisations including the United Nations, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have said it is unsafe for refugees to return to Syria.

Those who have returned faced "grave human rights abuses and persecution at the hands of the Syria government and affiliated militias", Human Rights Watch said.

Syria is subject to tough US sanctions - called the Caesar Act - which President Assad says "is an obstacle without doubt but it is not the biggest obstacle".

"The biggest obstacle is the terrorist demolishing the infrastructure. The biggest obstacle is the image of war in Syria which prohibits any investor from dealing with the Syrian market," he said.

Syria's currency is collapsing and the country is suffering from a lack of electricity, medicine and daily essentials, despite support from Russia and Iran.

War in Syria broke out in 2011, with August 2023 marking ten years since then President Obama decided not to bomb Syria after chemical weapons were used in the country.

President Assad has now regained control of the capital Damascus and most urban areas.

The war rages on with the UN estimating that more than 300,000 civilians were killed in the first decade of the conflict.

In the 12-year conflict, more than half of the country's 22 million pre-war population fled their homes with the civil war a major factor in Europe's migrant crisis.

The governments of Canada and the Netherlands recently filed torture complaints against Syria in the International Court of Justice over the "unlawful killing" of thousands of civilians.

But accusations of war crimes against President Assad have not stopped him from slowly being reaccepted by Middle Eastern leaders.

He recently attended the annual Arab League summit after he was suspended by the alliance during his crackdown on pro-democracy protests that led to the breakout of the civil war.

Read more:
Syria's neighbours have accepted Assad has won the war
Arab League votes to readmit Syria

President Assad also said fleeing Syria during the war was "never on the cards" for him.

He told Sky News Arabia: "There were no internal demands for the president to depart. It's important for a president to leave, or to leave his responsibilities to be more precise, when the people demand it - not due to external interference or external wars.

"When it's due to internal reasons that's normal but when it's because of external war that's called escape or to flee. And me fleeing was never on the cards."