Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is usually diagnosed during childhood, can result in restlessness, problems with concentration, and making impulsive decisions.

But it can also be viewed as a strength, with some who live with the condition finding themselves to be extremely creative and passionate about people and topics they are interested in.

According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, it affects between three and four percent of adults.

A new study by Rutgers University in the US has found those living with the condition are at increased risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.

It examined data from more than 100,000 adults in Israel between 2003 and 2020, and determined that ADHD could reduce their ability to compensate for the effects of cognitive decline in later life.

The "significantly higher risk" of dementia was maintained even when other risk factors were taken into account.

Previous studies have found these include age, a history of diabetes, history of depression, history of stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, living alone and gender.

Researchers said caregivers and clinicians should take note of the findings to better determine those at risk.

Senior study author Abraham Reichenberg said: "Physicians, clinicians, and caregivers who work with older adults should monitor ADHD symptoms and associated medications."

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But the findings also suggest ADHD treatments may help reduce the risk of developing dementia, with psychostimulants known to modify the trajectory of cognitive impairment.

Common medicines include methylphenidate, a stimulant which boosts activity in areas of the brain that help control attention and behaviour; and lisdexamfetamine, which improves concentration, helps focus attention and reduces impulsive behaviour.

Cognitive behavioural therapy can also help, according to the NHS.

The researchers said future studies should examine the impact of such medications on an ADHD patient's risk of developing dementia in more detail.

Their peer-reviewed findings have been published in the JAMA Network Open journal.