The Office for National Statistics has estimated the levels of non-vaccination among working adults in England under the age of 65 and has found:

• 22.3% of scaffolders and riggers have not received a vaccination

• 20.9% of complementary medicine professionals have not received a vaccination

• 20.8% of roofers and tilers have not received a vaccination

• 19.6% of delivery workers have not received a vaccination

• 19.5% of beauticians have not received a vaccination

• 18.8% of packers, bottlers and canners have not received a vaccination

• 17.2% of telesales workers have not received a vaccination

• 16.5% of bar staff have not received a vaccination

• 16.1% of road construction workers have not received a vaccination

• 15.7% of bricklayers have not received a vaccination

• 14.9% of security guards have not received a vaccination

• 14.6% of hairdressers and barbers have not received a vaccination

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Among those with the highest rates of vaccination were:

• Specialist doctors - 90.5% of whom have had two jabs and the booster

• GPs and nurses - 87.2% of whom have had two jabs and a booster

• Head teachers - 86.8% of whom have had two jabs and a booster

The figures are based on vaccinations delivered before 31 December, and people recorded in the 2011 and 2021 censuses and registered with a GP.

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The time period means that the figures are likely to be influenced by the fact that older people were prioritised for vaccinations, while many younger adults were only being offered their jabs towards the end of the year.

A higher number of infections in December, driven by the arrival of the Omicron variant, might also have affected vaccine take-up, as people are not able to get a vaccine within 28 days of having the virus.