The Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported that output between October and December was flat at 0%.

A negative figure would have met the technical definition of a recession because the economy contracted over the previous three months to September as the cost of living crisis took a heavy toll on consumer spending.

Economic activity has stalled largely as a result of energy-led price pressures on households and businesses - with the Bank of England even predicting in November last year that the economy was already likely in recession.

The narrow miss, which is subject to revision by the ONS when more data becomes available, reflects the nature of the flat picture for growth.

Output in December fell by 0.5% compared to the previous month, the ONS said.

Its director of economic statistics, Darren Morgan, said: "The economy contracted sharply in December meaning, overall, there was no growth in the economy over the last three months of 2022.

"In December public services were hit by fewer operations and GP visits, partly due to the impact of strikes, as well as notably lower school attendance.

"Meanwhile, the break in Premier League football for the World Cup and postal strikes also caused a slowdown.

"However, these falls were partially offset by a strong month for lawyers, growth in car sales and the cold snap increasing energy generation.

"Across 2022 as a whole, the economy grew 4%.

"Despite recent squeezes in household incomes, restaurants, bars and travel agents had a strong year. Meanwhile, health and education also began to recover from the effects of the pandemic".

Economists widely believe that recession during the first half of this year is inevitable, with the International Monetary Fund predicting last month that the UK would be the worst performer in the developed world including sanctions-hit Russia.

However, others have argued that a recession could be avoided despite continued pressure on budgets from inflation.